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Overall (N = 208)
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Stroke/TIA (N = 31)
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Control (N = 177)
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P value
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|---|
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Clinical characteristics
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Gender,male
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133 (63.9)
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20 (64.5)
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113 (63.8)
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0.94
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|
Age,years
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63.58 ± 10.37
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68.32 ± 7.57
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62.75 ± 10.59
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< 0.01
|
|
Body mass index,kg/m2
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24.37 ± 3.20
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24.72 ± 3.07
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24.31 ± 3.22
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0.52
|
|
Heart failure
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33 (15.9)
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10 (32.3)
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23 (13.0)
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< 0.01
|
|
Coronary artery disease
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37 (17.8)
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7 (22.6)
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30 (16.9)
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0.45
|
|
Hypertension
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111 (53.4)
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19 (61.3)
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92 (52.0)
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0.34
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Diabetes
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45 (21.6)
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8 (25.8)
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37 (20.9)
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0.54
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Hyperlipoproteinemia
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58 (27.9)
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5 (16.1)
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53 (29.9)
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0.11
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Persistent AF
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120 (57.7)
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20 (64.5)
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100 (56.5)
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0.40
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Anticoagulation
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145 (69.7)
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23 (74.2)
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122 (68.9)
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0.56
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CHA2DS2-VASc score before stroke
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1.82 ± 1.26
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2.29 ± 1.16
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1.73 ± 1.26
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0.02
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Conventional echocardiographic parameters
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iLVESV,mL/m2
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24.18 ± 9.40
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27.82 ± 14.40
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23.56 ± 8.17
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0.13
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iLVEDV,mL/m2
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66.84 ± 14.55
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70.56 ± 17.95
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66.21 ± 13.85
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0.13
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LVEF,%
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64.26 ± 8.24
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61.58 ± 8.73
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64.72 ± 8.09
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0.05
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iLAAPd,mm/ m2
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22.77 ± 3.82
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23.48 ± 3.72
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22.64 ± 3.83
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0.26
|
|
iLAVmin,mL/m2
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27.88 ± 15.48
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34.86 ± 18.81
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26.63 ± 14.53
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< 0.01
|
|
iLAVmax,,mL/m2
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41.67 ± 17.08
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47.79 ± 22.96
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40.57 ± 15.63
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0.03
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LAEF, %
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35.2 ± 16.00
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28.56 ± 13.69
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36.39 ± 16.13
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0.01
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LAAEV,m/s
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0.53 ± 0.24
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0.45 ± 0.25
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0.54 ± 0.23
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0.09
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LAAFV,m/s
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0.53 ± 0.20
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0.47 ± 0.23
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0.54 ± 0.20
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0.10
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LAA dense SEC/thrombus
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36 (18.5)
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11 (40.7)
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25 (14.9)
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< 0.01
|
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ilAAVmin,mL/m2
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1.89 ± 1.58
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2.06 ± 1.53
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1.86 ± 1.59
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0.53
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|
iLAAVmax,mL/m2
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4.24 ± 2.41
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4.12 ± 2.58
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4.26 ± 2.38
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0.77
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LAAEF,%
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57.30 ± 19.83
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51.86 ± 16.81
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58.19 ± 20.19
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0.13
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Strain echocardiographic parameters
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|
LA GLS,%
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18.08 ± 9.64
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13.09 ± 7.01
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19.99 ± 9.79
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< 0.01
|
|
LA MD,%
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8.91 ± 3.76
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11.56 ± 4.38
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8.43 ± 3.44
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< 0.01
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LAA GLS,%
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12.15 ± 5.82
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9.01 ± 3.12
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12.66 ± 6.00
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< 0.01
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LAA MD,%
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11.53 ± 4.78
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15.15 ± 5.46
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10.94 ± 4.40
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< 0.01
|
- Data are expressed as mean ± SD or N (%)
- AF atrial fibrillation, EDV end-diastolic volume, ESV end-systolic volume, GLS global longitudinal strain, i indexed to body surface area, LA left atrium, LAA left atrial appendage, LAA EF LAA emptying fraction, LAAEV LAA emptying velocity, LAAFV LAA filling velocity, LAAPd LA anteroposterior diameter, LAEF LA emptying fraction, LV left ventricle, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, MD mechanical dispersion, SEC spontaneous echo contrast, TIA transient ischaemic attack, Vmax maximal volume, Vmin minimal volume
