Incremental value of three-dimensional echocardiography for evaluating left atrial function in patients with coronary slow flow phenomenon: a case control study

Table 1 Clinical characteristics and LV function measurements

	Controls (n = 45)	CSFP (n = 60)	P-value
Clinical characteristics
Age (yrs)	55.53 ± 8.44	56.52 ± 8.82	0.57
Male sex [n(%)]	21 (47%)	36 (60%)	0.18
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	128.12 ± 14.44	125.94 ± 11.42	0.41
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	76.71 ± 9.93	75.78 ± 9.91	0.63
Hypertension [n(%)]	20 (44%)	26 (43%)	0.91
Diabetes mellitus [n(%)]	2 (4%)	5 (8%)	0.70
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)	5.41 ± 0.87	5.60 ± 0.97	0.29
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.41 ± 0.83	1.43 ± 0.70	0.86
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.43 ± 0.80	4.35 ± 0.85	0.90
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	2.67 ± 0.82	2.79 ± 0.75	0.45
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.16 ± 0.30	1.07 ± 0.22	0.10
TFC
cLAD	21.77 ± 3.23	42.16 ± 16.11	< 0.001
LCX	21.47 ± 3.85	35.77 ± 16.53	< 0.001
RCA	21.20 ± 4.11	36.82 ± 18.76	< 0.001
Mean	21.48 ± 2.27	38.25 ± 13.57	< 0.001
LV systolic function measurements
LV end-diastolic volume (ml)	82.27 ± 15.08	85.05 ± 16.92	0.38
LV ejection fraction (%)	64.27 ± 4.44	63.03 ± 3.96	0.14
LV GLS (%)	−20.58 ± 2.36	−19.24 ± 2.27	0.004
LV diastolic function measurements
LA Vol_max index	27.76 ± 7.51	31.83 ± 8.47	0.03
Mitral E (m/s)	74.89 ± 15.47	66.67 ± 17.24	0.01
Mitral E/A	1.16 ± 0.37	0.96 ± 0.29	0.003
Mitral e’ (cm/s)	8.67 ± 2.19	7.72 ± 1.69	0.01
Mitral E/e’	8.99 ± 2.26	8.86 ± 2.45	0.78
Tricuspid regurgitation velocity (m/s)	2.01 ± 0.78	2.23 ± 0.89	0.56

Values shown are means±SD or percentages
Abbreviation: LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein, TFC thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count, cLAD corrected left anterior descending coronary artery, LCX left circumflex coronary artery, RCA right coronary artery, LV left ventricle, GLS global longitudinal strain, LA Vol_max maximal LA volume, E early diastolic flow velocity, A late diastolic flow velocity, e’ early diastolic annular velocity

ISSN: 1476-7120