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LAA Thrombus
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|---|
|
All Subjects
|
Present
|
Absent
|
P value
|
|---|
|
N = 261
|
N = 17
|
N = 244
| |
|---|
|
Age (years)
|
65 ± 12
|
69 ± 10
|
65 ± 12
|
0.190
|
|
Age ≥ 75 years
|
56 (21)
|
5 (29)
|
51 (21)
|
0.409
|
|
Age ≥ 65 years
|
150 (58)
|
13 (76)
|
137 (56)
|
0.101
|
|
Female
|
79 (30)
|
5 (29)
|
74 (30)
|
0.937
|
|
Hypertension
|
196 (75)
|
15 (88)
|
181 (74)
|
0.195
|
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
67 (26)
|
7 (41)
|
60 (25)
|
0.130
|
|
Congestive heart failure
|
102 (39)
|
13 (76)
|
89 (36)
|
0.001
|
|
History of stroke or TIA
|
35 (13)
|
5 (29)
|
30 (12)
|
0.045
|
|
Vascular disease
|
53 (20)
|
5 (29)
|
48 (20)
|
0.334
|
|
Dyslipidemia
|
126 (48)
|
9 (53)
|
117 (48)
|
0.691
|
|
BMI (Kg/m2)
|
31.4 ± 8.5
|
28 ± 5.7
|
31.7 ± 8.7
|
0.091
|
|
Creatinine (mg/dL)
|
1.3 ± 1.1
|
1.9 ± 1.9
|
1.2 ± 1.0
|
0.076*
|
|
Warfarin
|
124 (48)
|
10 (59)
|
114 (47)
|
0.334
|
|
NOACs
|
48 (18)
|
3 (18)
|
45 (18)
|
0.935
|
|
Antiplatelet
|
140 (54)
|
9 (53)
|
131 (54)
|
0.952
|
|
CHADS2 score
|
1.9 ± 1.3
|
2.9 ± 1.3
|
1.8 ± 1.3
|
0.001*
|
|
CHA2DS2-VASc Score
|
3.0 ± 1.8
|
4.4 ± 1.6
|
3.0 ± 1.8
|
0.001*
|
|
AF chronicity
| | | |
0.789
|
|
Paroxysmal
|
67 (26)
|
5 (29)
|
62 (25)
| |
|
Persistent
|
107 (41)
|
7 (41)
|
100 (41)
| |
|
Permanent
|
34 (13)
|
3 (18)
|
31 (13)
| |
|
Unknown
|
53 (20)
|
2 (12)
|
51 (21)
| |
|
LVEF (%)
|
47 ± 17
|
34 ± 13
|
48 ± 17
|
0.002
|
|
LVEDV index (mL/m2)
|
54 ± 29
|
69 ± 34
|
53 ± 29
|
0.054
|
|
LV mass index (g/m2)
|
103 ± 41
|
113 ± 29
|
102 ± 41
|
0.311
|
|
LA volume index (mL/m2)
|
33 ± 16
|
42 ± 18
|
33 ± 16
|
0.035
|
|
Degree of SEC (scale 0–4)
|
0.6 ± 1.1
|
3.0 ± 1.1
|
0.4 ± 0.9
|
<0.001*
|
|
SEC present
|
85 (33)
|
17 (100)
|
68 (28)
|
<0.001
|
|
LAA emptying velocity (cm/s)
|
42 ± 22
|
25 ± 11
|
44 ± 22
|
0.001
|
|
BNP (pg/mL)
|
409 ± 554
|
775 ± 678
|
384 ± 537
|
0.001*
|
- Data presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%)
-
TIA transient ischemic attack, BMI body mass Index, NOACs novel oral anticoagulants, AF atrial fibrillation, LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEDV left ventricular end-diastolic volume, LV left ventricular, LA left atrial, SEC spontaneous echo contrast, LAA left atrial appendage, BNP B-type natriuretic peptide, *Mann–Whitney test
