Table 1 Doppler echocardiographic patterns of current echocardiographic tools in relation to the grading of LV diastolic dysfunction
From: Diastolic dysfunction and diastolic heart failure: diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic aspects
| Parameter | Normal pattern | Pattern of abnormal relaxation (Grade I) | Pseudonormal pattern (Grade II) | Restrictive patterns (Grades III-IV) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| E/A | >1 | <1 | 1 – 2 | ≥2 |
| DT (ms) | 160 – 210 | >220 | 150 – 200 | <150 |
| IVRT (ms) | 70 – 90 | >95 | 60 – 95 | <60 |
| S/D | 1.3 – 1.5 | 1.6 – 2.0 | <1 | 0.40 – 0.60 |
| AR (m/sec) | 0.22 – 0.32 | 0.21 – 0.28 | ≥0.35 | ≥0.25 |
| Em (cm/sec) | >8 | <8 | <8 | <5 |
| Vp (cm/sec) | >55 | <45 | <45 | <35 |
| E/Em | < 8 | > 16 | ||
| E/Vp | > 2.5 |